tugas bhs inggris 2 materi 3

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional Sentences (kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau tidak terjadi. Kalimat ini terdiri dari 2 bagian:

1.    Main Clause (Induk kalimat): bagian kalimat oyang dapat berdiri sendiri karena telah memiliki subjek dan predikat.
2.    Sub-ordinat Clause/ If Clause (Anak kalimat): bagian kalimat yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri/ harus melekat pada induk kalimat.
Contoh:

Ada 3 bentuk pengandaian: Future Possible Condition, Present Unreal Condition, Past Unreal Con-dition.  Pada buku ini, akan dibahas Future Possible Condition saja (bentuk lain akan dipelajari di SMU). Future Possible Conditional digunakan unutk menyatakan sesuatu yang akan terjadi atau akan dilaku-kan di waktu yang akan datang bila syaratnya terpenuhi.

Pola:

S  +  will  +  V1  + if  + S + V1/V1+s/es

Atau

If   +   S   +   V1/ V1+s/es , S  + will + V1

Keterangan:

If Clause dapat ditempatkan di awal kalimat tanpa mengubah arti, tetapi kalimat kedua harus didahului koma (,)

SOAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

1. My younger brother thinks that everybody can become a teacher.He often asks himself . “What …. if I were a teacher?

A. do I do
B. will I do
C. would I do
D. am I doing
E. am I going to do

2. Had I realized that Tony was a bad driver. I …. my car.

A. would not lend him
B. did not lend him
C. will not lend him
D. would not have  lent him
E. had not had

3. If she works harder, she ….. her paper in time.

A. will finish
B. would finish
C. has finished
D. will be finishing
E. will have finished

4. If my car were in the better condition, I would make a long trip now.
It may be concluded that I ….
A. have to stay at home
B. are enjoying the trip
C. prefer staying at home
D. enjoyed the trip
E. stayed at home

5. If there had been  traffic lights at this intersection, there would not have been so many accident. we may conclude that
A. Drivers were always careful at this intersection
B. despite the traffic lights accident happen
C. traffic lights often doesn’t work
D. We didn’t find traffic light at this intersection
E. There are many traffic accident

6.If his mother had not been ill, Tony would have joined the study tour to Jakarta.
We conclude that Tony …..
A. has just come back from the study tour
B. went to Jakarta for Study tour
C. left his sick mother at home
D. refused to join the study tour to Jakarta
E. went to jakarta after her mother had recovered

7. “Were the doctor here, he would immediately examined Fuad”
This means : …………………………………………………………………………..
a. Fuad can’t be examined because the doctor is not here.
b. The doctor is here and is examining Fuad.
c. Fuad is being examined because the doctor is here
d. The doctor is not here but Fuad has been examined.
Answer : A

8. Had Awal stayed up late that night, he…….
a. Will miss the interview
b. Would Have been missed the interview
c. Can miss the interview
d. Could have missed the interview
Answer : D

9. Had the company not raised my salary, I would have looked for another job. The underlined words mean that I ……………………..
a. Doesn’t like my job
b. Am still looking for another job
c. Found a better paying job
d. Didn’t leave my present
Answer : D
10. Were I rich, I …………….around the world
a. Will travel
b. Would travel
c. Travel
d. Would be travel
Answer : B

11. If the exit doors were not blocked, ……………………
a. People could escape from the burning hall
b. People can escape from the burning hall
c. People will escape from the burning hall
d. People could have escaped from the burning hall
Answer : A

12. I don’t write you because I don’t know your address.
We can say: ………….
a. If I know your address, I wrote to you
b. Would I write to you, if I know your address
c. If I knew your address, I would write to you
d. If I knew your address, I will write to you
Answer : C

13. “Will you tell Mary about it?”
a. if i met her
b. if i don’t meet her
c. if i meet her
d. if i didn’t meet her

14. If you hurt him, I … something you
a. I would have done
b. I should have done
c. I might have done
d. I would done

15. If I pass my final test, what …?
a. you will buy for me
b. will you buy for me
c. would you buy for me
d. you would buy for me

16. Unless I know the answer, I … the question
a. will answer
b. won’t answer
c. would answer
d. wouldn’t answer

17. Would you repair this radio if you tools?
a. get
b. get
c. will get
d. had got

18. If she ……… she will get a surprise
a. Comes
b. Has come
c. Will come
d. Had come
Answer : A

19. “How was the party?”
“Great, you …………….. yourself if you had come?”
a. Would be enjoying
b. Would have enjoyed
c. Enjoyed
d. Will be enjoying
Answer : B

20. If he…….. more confident during the interview, he might have got the job he wanted.
a. Were
b. Could have been
c. Had been
d. Was being
Answer : C

Modals

Modals adalah kata kerja bantu yang memberikan arti tambahandan harus diikuti dengan kata kerja bentuk dasar(Vinf) yang terdiri dari: Shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare, used to.

MODAL + VERB 1

1.       Can/could/may/might

• Menyatakan suatu kemungkinan suatu peristiwa.

Eg: It might rain tomorrow

2.       Should

• Menyatakan suatu anjuran/ saran

Eg: You should study hard to pass USM STAN

• Menyatakan arti seharusnya dalam bentuk present

Eg: As agood moslem, We should obey our parents

3.       Must

• Keharusan mutlak

you must work at  department of finance to be rich young man.

• Kesimpulan logis

Andi bought new car, He must be rich.

SOAL – MODALS

1. Your glass is empty. …. I get you some more fresh water?
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. should
E. Shall have

2. We …. like to visit that new store some day.
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. would
E. Shall have

3. You are sick, but you don’t come  hospital to see a doctor.
You …. visit him soon.
A. would
B. could
C. should
D. will
E, can

4. “I really don’t know why Tony didn’t come to the meeting”.
“There ….. something wrong with him.
A. might be
B. could be
C. will be
D. should have been
E. must have been

5. “Rini is old enough. She …. know better than the others about it.

A. will

B. could

C. must

D. may be

E. can

6. My motorcycle runs out of oil. I ….buy it because I will ride it to the meeting.
A. should
B. may
C. can
D. must
E. might

7. Yanti looks so pale and weak. He must be sick. The underlined sentence means:
A. He has to be sick
B. Maybe he is sick
C. It’s possible that he is sick.
D. He is rather sick
E. I conclude that he is sick

8. “I could have somebody else to carry the heavy bags” It means :
A. I carried the heavy bags
B  Somebody else carried the heavy bags for me
C. I asked someone carry the heavy bags.
D. I would carry the heavy bags myself.
E. I didn’t want to carry the heavy bags.

9. I ______________ remember his name.

A am not able to
B can't
C red herring


10. You'll be able to solve this, ______________?

A can you
B won't you
C will you


11. Diana ______________ the piano.

A can play
B can to play
C eats


12. Sorry, Teacher. I ______________do it yet.

A wasn't able to
B couldn't
C haven't been able to


13. She ______________ come on holiday next month if her parents give her permission.

A can't
B could
C will be able to

14. He ______________ pass the exam if he studied harder.

A will be able to
B can
C would be able to


15. They ______________ go. The weather was too bad.

A couldn't
B can't
C wasn't able to

16. The fishing boat sank but luckily all the crew ______________ save themselves.

A were able to
B could
C wasn't able to


17. A: Can you lend me some money?
B: Sorry. I ______________. I haven't got any either.

A can't
B am not able to
C couldn't

18. We ______________ go to the party. We're going to a wedding.

A couldn't
B won't be able to
C will can't

19. Narjik was absent two days. He____sick.

A. Could be    C. might have been

B. will                         D. should

20. He told me about the history of this village

He_______here for along time

A. must have lived   C. would have lived

B. should be living   D. ought to have lived

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung (direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).
Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan di dalam buku, drama, ataupun dalam tanda kurung.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported

Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.

PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)

A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)

Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung
2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut
3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut
4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
Direct
• John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
• Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”
Indirect
• John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
• Siska says that the sun rises every morning.

Soal: Direct and Indirect speech

1. “Do you need a pen?” Ani asked. = Ani asked me if I was need a pen.
2. John asked, “What do you want?” = John asked me what I wanted.
3. Sue asked, “Are you hungry?” = Sue wanted to know if I was hungry.
4. “I’m going to move to Ohio,” said Bruce. = Bruce informed me (that) he went to move to Ohio.
5. “I may be late,” said Mike. = Mike told me (that) he was late.

Active Passive

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris juga dinyatakan dalam voice. Voice adalah istilah tata bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan kata kerja dan subjek (pokok kalimat).

Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua voice, yaitu active dan passive.

Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.

Kalimat passive dibentuk dari dua bagian: to be + past participle.

Contoh active verbs dalam kalimat:
- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy.

Contoh passive verbs dalam kalimat:
- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee.

Soal active passive

1. The teacher told the students that they needed to revise their essays.

The passive of the underlined clause is:

a. Their essays were needed to revise.

b. their essays were need to be revising.

c. Their essays were needed to be revised.

d. Their essays needed to be revised.

e. Their essays were needed to revising.

2. Tono wasn’t offered the job.

We can also say:

a. Tono didn’t offer the job.

b. They don’t offer the job to Tono.

c. Tono was offering the job.

d. They were offering Tono the job.

e. The job wasn’t offered to Tono.

3. “Which paintings will be exhibited tomorrow?”

“We don’t know yet. They …………………. by a team.”

a. are still being selected

b. are still selecting

c. still be selected

d. still selected

e. still selecting

4. The street ……………………. when we passed yesterday.

a. has repaired

b. is being repaired

c. was being repaired

d. is repaired

e. has been repaired

5. “When …………………?”

“Before World War I”

a. this hospital to be built

b. was this hospital being built

c. this hospital built

d. was this hospital built

e. this hospital has been built

6. Find the passive form of “They will look after you well”.

a. You will be looked after well.

b. They will be looked after you well.

c. You will be well looked after.

d. You are well will be looked after.

e. You will be to be looked after by them well.

7. A well-known architect is designing our new office.

The passive form is:

a. designs

b. designed

c. be designing

d. is designing

e. is being designed

8. What is the active form of “English is spoken in the United States” ?

a. People in the US speak English.

b. In the US speak English.

c. Everybody speak English in the US.

d. Everybody spoke English in the US.

e. People in US speaks English.

9. After the house ……………………. white, it looked beautiful.

a. had been painted

b. to be painting

c. had been painting

d. be painted

e. had painted

10. “What do people need for irrigation?”

The passive construction of the sentence is:

a. What is needed for irrigation?

b. What is irrigation needed for?

c. What people are needed for irrigation?

d. what is for irrigation needed?

e. What irrigation is needed?

11. Although the stolen car ……………………. the police cannot trace the thieves.

a. is being found

b. has found

c. has been found

d. having been found

e. had found

12. The child told us he had been left alone by his step mother in the empty building.

From the sentence above we know that:

a. The child had left his step mother alone in the empty building.

b. The child went to the empty building with his step mother, then she went away.

c. The child wanted to leave his step mother in the empty building.

d. The child had left his step mother before he went to the empty building.

e. The child wanted us to leave him alone with his step mother in the empty building.

13. My motorcycle is not running well now. The tires are flat and the chain ……………

a. needs to be fixing

b. is fixing

c. needs to be fixed

d. has fixed

e. needs to fix

14. The teacher would like the exercises …………………….. by everybody before tomorrow.

a. finish

b. to be finished

c. finishing

d. have finished

e. already finished

15. “The boys have been told the good news” means:

a. The good news was told to the boys.

b. Somebody has told the boys the good news.

c. The good news has been told by the boys.

d. The boys have told the good news.

e. The good news about the boys has been told.

16. Nobody can do such a thing.

The passive construction of the sentence is:

a. Such a thing can done be by anybody.

b. A thing can be done by anybody.

c. A such thing can be done by somebody

d. Such a thing can be done by somebody.

e. Such a thing can’t be done by anybody.

17. The students ………………….. before they were allowed to join the class.

a. punished

b. has punished

c. had been punished

d. were punished

e. are punished

18. The hotel ……………………. when I passed.

a. was built

b. has been built

c. had been built

d. built

e. was building

19. It was reported that medicine and rice ………………………. to the victims of the flood.

a. have been distributed

b. will be distributed

c. are being distributed

d. had been distributed

e. be distributed

20. The picture is not here anymore. It must have …………………….

a. been taken away

b. been taking away

c. took away

d. taken away

e. being taken away

Question Tag

Question Tag adalah bentuk kalimat tanya yang pola kalimatnya menggunakan kata tanya di akhir kalimat. Kalimat tanya ini biasanya tidak membutuhkan jawaban karena digunakan untuk menanyakan hal-hal yang diyakini benar oleh sang penanya.

Berdasarkan bentuk kalimatnya, pola pembentukan Question Tag dibedakan menjadi tiga, yaitu:

• Positive Statement
• Negative Statement
• Command / Request

Pola Question Tag

Positive Tag: MODAL + SUBJECT ?



Negative Tag: MODAL + NOT + SUBJECT ?

RUMUS

1. Kalimat Positif  , negative Question tag?

Contoh:

@     Heni is a dancer, isn’t she ?

Perkecualian:I am smart, aren’t I?

You like milk, don’t you?

@     Andien went to Bali, didn’t she?

@     They will go to Bandung, won’t they?

@     Agnes comes from Italy, doesn’t she?

@     This is your house, isn’t it?

@     Those are your cars, aren’t they?

@     There is a party tonight, isn’t there?

@     Everything is okay, isn’t it?

@     Everyone did homework, didn’t they?

2. Kalimat Negatif  ,  positif Question tag?

Contoh:

@     Raymond isn’t an artist, is he?

@     You aren’t a student, are you?

@     They weren’t at home, were they?

@     You don’t like gardening, do you?

@     Ganis didn’t go to Africa, did she?

@     You won’t leave me, will you?

@     Karina doesn’t love Mandra, does she?

@     I am not stupid, am I?

@     That isn’t your car, is it?

@     These aren’t her books, are they?

@     Nothing is wrong, is it?

@     Nobody wanted to move, did they?

Soal Latihan: ‘Question-Tag’ 1

1. She is a nurse, isn’t she?

2. They are doctors, aren’t they?

3. Andi is sick, isn’t he?

4. This car is very expensive, isn’t it?

5. Martha and his sister are beautiful, aren’t they?

6. We can do it by ourselves, can’t we?

7. Your father will fly to Medan, won’t he?

8. You were my school friend, weren’t you?

9. I am right, aren’t I?

10. The cat is hungry, isn’t it?

11.Handy likes swimming, doesn’t he?

12. I’m your best friend, aren’t I?

13. They work in our factory, don’t they?

14. The boys know Mrs. Lynn’s address, don’t they?

15.              The man sells fruits, doesn’t he?

16.              We met them last night, didn’t we?

17.              You can handle it, can’t you?

18.               Your sister has a cute cat, doesn’t she?

19.              The tigers eat meat, don’t they?

20.              I have invited you, haven’t I?

Bath and Bath of

·         Both and both of

01. English …. very useful for us nowadays.

a.are

b.is

c. was

d. were

e. been

answer : B

02. The cat can …. the tree well.

a. climbs

b. climbing

c. climbed

d. climb

e. to climb

answer : D

03. The plane …. one of means of communication.

a. is

b. are

c. been

d. were

e. was

answer : B

04. One of my English teachers … five languages.

a. speak

b. speaks

c. speaking

d. spoke

e. spoken

answer : D

05. The accident …… at this place yesterday.

a. happened

b. happens

c. happening

d. happen

e. To happen

answer : C

06. The meeting … in this room tomorrow.

a. hold

b. holds

c. holding

d. will be held

e. to hold

Answer : E

07. The car … by my son two days ago.

a. will be repaired

b. will repair

c. repaired

d. to repair

e. was repaired

Answer : D

08. My computer …. Troubles with its CPU.

a. has

b.  have

c.  having

d. to have

e. have to

answer : C

09. Mr. Imam …. Bali island three times

a. Visited

b. has visited

c. to visit

d. visiting

e. visits

answer : B

10. The lion ….. in Surabaya zoo.

a. can be seen

b. can see

c. may kept

d. see

e. saw

answer : E

11. My son …. a lot of goats in village.

a.breeds

b. to breed

c. breeding

d. have bred

e. bread

answer : A

12. …. knives are sharp so you must be careful to use ….

a. that / them

b. those / it

c. those / them

d. that / them

e. these / it

answer : C

13. Anita lives in Bali but … parents live in Malang.

a. his

b. her

c. hers

d. their

e. him

answer : B

14. My cat is white and … has a long tail.

a. their

b. its

c.  it’s

d. it

e. mine

answer : D

15. A pair of shoes …. not enough for my son.

a. is

b. are

c. be

d. was

e. has been

answer : A