1) Gerund
adalah kata benda yang berasal dari kata kerja ditambah –ing, misalnya swimming, eating, fishing, shopping, dancing, dan singing . Bila diperhatikan, gerund mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan present participle, bedanya gerund berfungsi sebagai kata benda, sedangkan present participle sebagai kata sifat yangmenerangkan kata benda.Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai :
a. subjek ( subject )
b. pelengkap subjek ( subjective complement )
c. objek langsung ( direct object )
d. objek preposisi ( object of preposition )
e. aposisi ( appositive )
Contoh Soal :
I ____ to his behaving so rudely to ward his sister
a. Object
b. Dislike
c. Disagree
d. Complain
e. Regret
I am looking forward to _____ a salary raise next month
a. Get
b. Be getting
c. Getting
d. Have got
e. Got
Have you considered _____ to an apartment closer to your office?
a. Move
b. To move
c. Moved
d. Moving
e. To be moving
It’s hot in here. The air condition is not working’. I think it only needs___________.”
a. To clean
b. Cleaning
c. Cleaned
d. Clean
e. Be cleaned
In her letter my friend said that she was looking forward _________ from me again.
a. To hearing
b. To hear
c. Hearing
d. Having heard
e. Dance
What does this song remind you of ? _____ with my first date.
a. Io dance
b. To dance
c. Dancing
d. To be dancing
e. Dance
We always try to avoid _______ preserved foods.
a. Consuming
b. To consume
c. Consumed
d. We consume
e. Being consumed
It’s difficult ______ smoking
a. The give up
b. Give up
c. Given up
d. To be given up
e. To be giving up
We did not know how ________ him stop drinking
a. Make
b. Made
c. to make
d. to be made
e. making
since my father and my mother are both working, we usually go ________ on Sundays
a. to shop
b. they shop
c. shopping
d. for shopping
e. shop
I remember ______ in his town when traffic wasn’t too heavy get.
a. Be driving
b. We driving
c. Drive
d. Our driving
e. To drive.
We decided.... (buy) a new car
They've got some work... (do).
Peter gave up.... (smoke) .
He'd like....( fly) an aeroplane.
I enjoy .... (write) picture postcards.
Do you know what.... (do) if there's a fire in the shop?
Avoid..... (make) silly mistakes.
My parents wanted me.... (be) home at 11 o'clock.
I dream about.... (build) a big house.
I'm hoping.... (see) Lisa
I had to ask the boys (stop)...... (ride)...... their mini-scooters in the corridor.
Don't start (try)...... (learn).... algebra before you have finished (learn) ...... (do)... simple things in arithmetic.
We can't think of (buy)...... a new house before (sell) ....... the old one.
I'd love (have)...... the opportunity of (meet).... you again.
Our teacher has promised (help).... us (prepare)..... for next week's test.
I hate (get up).... early in winter and (get ready) ..... in the dark.
If you can't fix that old thing, try (hit)..... it with a hammer!
I saw her (sit).... at the bus stop, and I heard her (tell) ...... her friend not to wait for her.
Poor Charles! The police suspected him of (try) ..... (sell)..... stolen bicycles.
Can you manage (finish).... (pack).... these parcels alone?
I used to enjoy … the mountain
a.climbed
b.to climbed
c.i climbed
d.climbing
e.the climb of
As a child he used to like … a kite
a.played
b.to play
c.he played
d.playing
e.plays
What does this song remind you of? … with my first date
a.I dance
b.To dance
c.Dancing
d.To be dancing
e.Dance
We are looking forward to … our reports next week
a.received
b.receive
c.receiving
d.have received
e.received
.…a few thousand dollars, he went on a tour to Europe
a.Saved
b.Have saved
c.He has saved
d.Having saved
e.After he saves
This book really tells you how to learn some computer programs without really … too much time
a.you spend
b.spending
c.have to spend
d.you have to spend
e.must spend
His parents must be angry with him because they don’t like his …
a.coming late
b.comes late
c.to come late
d.came late
e.should came late
This car needs … it is broken
a.to fix
b.fixed
c.fixing
d.is fixed
e.could fix
Miss. Rina complained about … about the meeting
a.not being told
b.not telling
c.not to tell
d.she tells
e.doesn’t tell
He was working in the garden, so he didn’t hear the phone …
a.ringing
b.to ring
c.rang
d.has rung
e.was to ring
When I heard the principal of the school … my name at the graduation ceremony, I walked to the front of the auditorium to receive my diploma
a.called
b.calling
c.to call
d.was calling
e.has called
It seems that nowadays, most people are having hard time … in this country
a.to live
b.have lived
c.they lived
d.they live
e.must live
What did the workers object to?
a.They work on the weekend
b.Have to work on the weekend
c.Working on the weekend
d.For working on the weekend
e.Worked on the weekend
Don’t give up… you still have a lot of time and opportunities
a.try
b.tried
c.trying
d.to try
e.to be tried
The woman can’t help … about her children
a.to worry
b.worrying
c.to be worried
d.must be worried
e.worried
The taxi driver … me to the airport was very friendly
a.to take
b.taking
c.took
d.that taking
e.was taking
2) So dan Too
So dan Too digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat positif.
Rumusnya:
(and) + so + to be/auxiliary/ modal + S (and) + S + to be/auxiliary/ modal + too
Soal :
1. The student can't buy the book. It is ………. expensive.
2. The students could not finish the test. It was ……. long.
3. I could not answer the question. It wasn't easy
4. We can't all get into this small car. It isn't big ………………..
5. The woman can't hear the television. It isn't loud ……………..
6. The man can't see the sun. The sky isn't clear ………………
7. It's ……………………….. cold to go outside.
8. The weather isn't nice ……………….to go outside.
9. This maths exercise isn't easy………………….. to do it by students.
10. The boy is ……………………. short to reach the shelf.
11. It was _____ so we didn't get it.
a.expensive
b.enough too expensive
c.enough expensive
12. It's ___ to read; I don't understand it at all.
a.enough difficult
b.too difficult
c.difficult enough
13. They didn't sell _____ to make it worthwhile.
a.tickets enough
b.enough tickets
c.too tickets
14. There were _____ people there.
a. Too
b. too many
15. It's not ____ to sort things out.
a. enough late
b. late enough
c. too late
16. It's ____ to pass.
a. enough
b. difficult
c. too difficult
17. I left because I'd had ______ their arguing.
a.enough
b. enough of
18. He ate ____ and felt ill.
a. enough much
b. much enough
c. too much
19. I'm shattered; I didn't ____ last night.
a. enough sleep
b. sleep enough too sleep
c. too much sleep
20. It's ____ to walk- I'll take the bus.
a. enough far
b. far enough
c. too far
d. too much far
I didn't get ____ last night and I'm exhausted.
a. enough sleep
b. sleep enough
c. too sleep
3) Either Neither
Either dan digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat negatif.
Rumusnya:
(and) + neither + to be/auxiliary/ modal + S
(and) + S + to be/ auxiliary/ modal + not +either
Soal :
A cat … bark, and neither can a cow
a. Can
b. Cannot
c. Could
d. Could not
Andi : Do you like cheating in a test?
Dani : No, I don’t
Andi : …
a. I’m not either
b. Neither do I
c. So do I
d. I do too
Dian : I prefer to live in a small town Ira : …
a. Neither do I
b. I don’t either
c. So do I
d. I do too
Father is not at home, and mother is not …
a. So
b. Too
c. Either
d. Neither
Mother is cooking in the kitchen, and I …
a. are too
b. am too
c. am not either
d. so am
Wati doesn’t play golf, and neither does Susi. It means …
a. Both Wati and Susi don’t play golf
b. Susi plays golf, but Wati doesn’t
c. Only Wati oesn’t play golf
d. Susi plays golf.
Mrs. Tuti teaches us maths on Fridays, and so does Mr. Setto The sentence means …
a. Mr. Seto teaches them maths on the same day asMrs. Tuti does
b. Mrs. Tuti teaches us maths on Fridays but Mr.Seto doesn’t
c. Mrs. Tuti and Mr. Seto teach us maths togetheron Friday
d. Mrs. Tuti and Mr. Seto teach us maths ondifferent days.8.
I’m not going to see that film, and neither is Laila. It means …
a. I’m not going to see that film, but Lalila is
b. Laila and I are not going to see that film
c. Lalila is going to see that film, and I am too
d. I’m going to see that film, and so Laila
My brother isn’t a policeman. My brother isn’t apost man. Penggabungan yang tepat adalah …
a. My brither is a policeman and a postman
b. My brother is neither a policeman and apostman
c. My brother is neither a policeman nor a postman
d. My brother is neither a policeman not a postman10.
Tono didn’t like smoking and father …
a. Either
b. wasn’t too
c. didn’t either
d. d.didn’t too
Ali invites me to the party and Rini …
a. does too
b. was either
c. is too
d. does either12.
She has a new dictionary and I … to
a. Am
b. Do
c. Were
d. Is
My neighbor has a dog and we …
a. has too
b. does neither
c. have either
d. do too14.
He goes to school and she … too
a. Is
b. Was
c. Does
d. Has
Ulfa doesn’t like math and … Rudi and I
a. Neither
b. neither do
c. either
d. either do
… and neither is she
a. I go to school by bus
b. I am studying English now
c. I am not watching TV
d. They are watching.
Ali read a newspaper and …
a. so does ani
b. so did ani
c. neither do ani
d. neither did ani
We can neither give her a full-time job, … as a trainee in our company.
A. as well as not accepting her
B. but also not accept her
C. we cannot accept her
D. nor accept her
E. and also not accept her
Answer: D
Neither the basketball players nor their coach … satisfied with referee decision.
A. were
B. he has
C. being
D. was
E. Be
Answer: D
4) Pronoun as Subject
Subjective Pronouns A subjective pronoun acts as the subject of a sentence—it performs the action of the verb. The subjective pronouns arehe, I, it, she, they, we, and you. He spends ages looking out the window. After lunch, she and I went to the planetarium. Subject pronoun adalah kata ganti yang berfungsi sebagai subject.
• I, you, we, they, he, dan she digunakan untuk mengganti orang. Selain itu, “they ” juga digunakan untuk menggantikan plural nouns. He dan she juga dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan hewan, khususnya hewan peliharaan. Dan khusus untuk “she ‘ juga dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kapal laut.
• “It ” untuk menggantikan benda mati dan tumbuhan tunggal.
• He, she dan it adalah singular subject (orang ketiga tunggal) yang selalu diikuti oleh singular verb.
Penggunaan subject pronoun ada 4, yaitu:
Contoh:
I love you.
He is my brother.
She likes writing a poem. (Dia suka menulis puisi).
Two cars were reported stolen last night. They haven’t been found yet. (Dua mobil dilaporkan dicuri tadi malam. Mereka (kedua mobil itu) belum ditemukan).
You have to buy a good English dictionary. (Kamu harus membeli sebuah kamus bahasa Inggris yang baik).
We planted a rose plant last month. It is growing well now. (Kami menanam sebuah tanaman mawar sebulan yang lalu. Dia (tanaman mawar itu) sedang tumbuh dengan baik sekarang).
b. (it/that/this/these/those/there) + (to be) + subject pronoun
Dalam pola-pola seperti ini, it, that, this, these, those dan there hanya berfungsi sebagai pseudo-subject (subject semu). Subject yang sebenarnya adalah nouns setelah to be. Olehnya itu, pronoun yang tepat digunakan setelah to be adalah subject pronoun.
Contoh:
It was I who broke the mirror. (Adalah saya (sayalah) yang memecahkan cermin itu).
There is he here now. You should come here quickly if you want to meet him. (Ada dia di sini sekarang. Kamu harus datang ke sini dengan cepat jika kamu ingin bertemu dia).
This is I. I am just an ordinary person. (Inilah saya. Saya hanyalah seorang manusia biasa).
c. Setelah expression as… as dalam kalimat equal comparison.
Contoh:
He is as smart as she. (Dia (cowok) sama pintarnya dengan dia (cewek).
Maria has the same preference as they. (Maria punya kesukaan yang sama dengan mereka).
c. Setelah than dalam kalimat unequal comparison.
Contoh:
1. I am smarter than he. (Saya lebih pintar dari dia).
2. They study harder than she. (Mereka belajar lebih giat dari dia).
d. Setelah different from.
1. We are different from they. (Kita beda dengan mereka).
2. Although they are twins, she is different from he. (Walaupun mereka kembar, dia (cewek) beda dengan dia).
Soal :
1. This is … bicycle.
a. Rudy’s b. him c. he d. Rudy
2. Aunt Tina has a new car. The Grey car over there is …
a. Her b. hers c. she d. she’s
3. Susi’s uncle is carrying a bag. … is going to the office.
a. She b. his c. he d. Him
4. When Rini and I were in the yard, father called …
a. Us b. they c. their d. We
5. A : The weather is hot in Surabaya. Which shirt do you need?
B : I need the thin …
a. One b. once c. one’s d. Ones
6. This test is not difficult, … can do it.
a. No one b. one c. anybody d. Noboby
7. I have a pen friend in Canada. We have been waiting to … since last year.
a. Some other b. other c. each other d. Another
8. I have a book. This is … book
a. Your b. my c. his d. Her
9. Look, that is Ekajaya! … is my classmate.
a. She b. I c. You d. He
10. Tino is a student and Budi is too. … are SMP student.
a. We b. they c. you d. you and I
11. Look at the picture. … is a black board.
a. This b. that c. these d. Those
12. I don’t like this shirt. Give me … one, please.
a. Other b. others c. another d. the other
13. I came to Ani’s house last night. I knocked the door, but there was no answer. I think there wasn’t any body there. I am sure there was … at home.
a. Everyone b. anyone c. someone d. no one
14. Mr. Ismail is their history teacher. He teaches … very well.
a. Them b. us c. me d. Him
15. Tony and I have many books. These books are …
a. Theirs b. his c. yours d. ours
5) Posessive Adjective
Possessive adjective adalah kata sifat yang menunjukkan kepunyaan. Sebenarnya untuk menyatakan kepunyaan banyak caranya:
1. Dengan menggunakan kata "have"
I have a book (saya punya sebuah buku)
2. Dengan menggunakan kata "belong"
The book belongs to me (buku itu kepunyaan saya)
Pronoun ini berfungsi sebagai kata sifat, yaitu untuk menerangkan kepemilikan terhadap nouns. (The nouns belong to whom? = nouns itu milik siapa?)
Contoh:
1. This is my house. (Ini adalah rumahku).
2. That is his house.
3. This is your dictionary. (Ini adalah kamusmu)
4. We all like our teacher.
5. Didit and Yeyes are saving some of their money to buy a birthday gift.
6. That is your book.
7. This is their clean class.
8. That is our television.
9. This is my new bag.
10. That is her big house.
Soal :
I was astonished at … a good score for her IQ in spite of his poor mathematic.
A. being able to get
B. to be able to get
C. she could get
D. be able to get
E. her being able to get
Answer: E
adalah kata benda yang berasal dari kata kerja ditambah –ing, misalnya swimming, eating, fishing, shopping, dancing, dan singing . Bila diperhatikan, gerund mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan present participle, bedanya gerund berfungsi sebagai kata benda, sedangkan present participle sebagai kata sifat yangmenerangkan kata benda.Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai :
a. subjek ( subject )
b. pelengkap subjek ( subjective complement )
c. objek langsung ( direct object )
d. objek preposisi ( object of preposition )
e. aposisi ( appositive )
Contoh Soal :
I ____ to his behaving so rudely to ward his sister
a. Object
b. Dislike
c. Disagree
d. Complain
e. Regret
I am looking forward to _____ a salary raise next month
a. Get
b. Be getting
c. Getting
d. Have got
e. Got
Have you considered _____ to an apartment closer to your office?
a. Move
b. To move
c. Moved
d. Moving
e. To be moving
It’s hot in here. The air condition is not working’. I think it only needs___________.”
a. To clean
b. Cleaning
c. Cleaned
d. Clean
e. Be cleaned
In her letter my friend said that she was looking forward _________ from me again.
a. To hearing
b. To hear
c. Hearing
d. Having heard
e. Dance
What does this song remind you of ? _____ with my first date.
a. Io dance
b. To dance
c. Dancing
d. To be dancing
e. Dance
We always try to avoid _______ preserved foods.
a. Consuming
b. To consume
c. Consumed
d. We consume
e. Being consumed
It’s difficult ______ smoking
a. The give up
b. Give up
c. Given up
d. To be given up
e. To be giving up
We did not know how ________ him stop drinking
a. Make
b. Made
c. to make
d. to be made
e. making
since my father and my mother are both working, we usually go ________ on Sundays
a. to shop
b. they shop
c. shopping
d. for shopping
e. shop
I remember ______ in his town when traffic wasn’t too heavy get.
a. Be driving
b. We driving
c. Drive
d. Our driving
e. To drive.
We decided.... (buy) a new car
They've got some work... (do).
Peter gave up.... (smoke) .
He'd like....( fly) an aeroplane.
I enjoy .... (write) picture postcards.
Do you know what.... (do) if there's a fire in the shop?
Avoid..... (make) silly mistakes.
My parents wanted me.... (be) home at 11 o'clock.
I dream about.... (build) a big house.
I'm hoping.... (see) Lisa
I had to ask the boys (stop)...... (ride)...... their mini-scooters in the corridor.
Don't start (try)...... (learn).... algebra before you have finished (learn) ...... (do)... simple things in arithmetic.
We can't think of (buy)...... a new house before (sell) ....... the old one.
I'd love (have)...... the opportunity of (meet).... you again.
Our teacher has promised (help).... us (prepare)..... for next week's test.
I hate (get up).... early in winter and (get ready) ..... in the dark.
If you can't fix that old thing, try (hit)..... it with a hammer!
I saw her (sit).... at the bus stop, and I heard her (tell) ...... her friend not to wait for her.
Poor Charles! The police suspected him of (try) ..... (sell)..... stolen bicycles.
Can you manage (finish).... (pack).... these parcels alone?
I used to enjoy … the mountain
a.climbed
b.to climbed
c.i climbed
d.climbing
e.the climb of
As a child he used to like … a kite
a.played
b.to play
c.he played
d.playing
e.plays
What does this song remind you of? … with my first date
a.I dance
b.To dance
c.Dancing
d.To be dancing
e.Dance
We are looking forward to … our reports next week
a.received
b.receive
c.receiving
d.have received
e.received
.…a few thousand dollars, he went on a tour to Europe
a.Saved
b.Have saved
c.He has saved
d.Having saved
e.After he saves
This book really tells you how to learn some computer programs without really … too much time
a.you spend
b.spending
c.have to spend
d.you have to spend
e.must spend
His parents must be angry with him because they don’t like his …
a.coming late
b.comes late
c.to come late
d.came late
e.should came late
This car needs … it is broken
a.to fix
b.fixed
c.fixing
d.is fixed
e.could fix
Miss. Rina complained about … about the meeting
a.not being told
b.not telling
c.not to tell
d.she tells
e.doesn’t tell
He was working in the garden, so he didn’t hear the phone …
a.ringing
b.to ring
c.rang
d.has rung
e.was to ring
When I heard the principal of the school … my name at the graduation ceremony, I walked to the front of the auditorium to receive my diploma
a.called
b.calling
c.to call
d.was calling
e.has called
It seems that nowadays, most people are having hard time … in this country
a.to live
b.have lived
c.they lived
d.they live
e.must live
What did the workers object to?
a.They work on the weekend
b.Have to work on the weekend
c.Working on the weekend
d.For working on the weekend
e.Worked on the weekend
Don’t give up… you still have a lot of time and opportunities
a.try
b.tried
c.trying
d.to try
e.to be tried
The woman can’t help … about her children
a.to worry
b.worrying
c.to be worried
d.must be worried
e.worried
The taxi driver … me to the airport was very friendly
a.to take
b.taking
c.took
d.that taking
e.was taking
2) So dan Too
So dan Too digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat positif.
Rumusnya:
(and) + so + to be/auxiliary/ modal + S (and) + S + to be/auxiliary/ modal + too
Soal :
1. The student can't buy the book. It is ………. expensive.
2. The students could not finish the test. It was ……. long.
3. I could not answer the question. It wasn't easy
4. We can't all get into this small car. It isn't big ………………..
5. The woman can't hear the television. It isn't loud ……………..
6. The man can't see the sun. The sky isn't clear ………………
7. It's ……………………….. cold to go outside.
8. The weather isn't nice ……………….to go outside.
9. This maths exercise isn't easy………………….. to do it by students.
10. The boy is ……………………. short to reach the shelf.
11. It was _____ so we didn't get it.
a.expensive
b.enough too expensive
c.enough expensive
12. It's ___ to read; I don't understand it at all.
a.enough difficult
b.too difficult
c.difficult enough
13. They didn't sell _____ to make it worthwhile.
a.tickets enough
b.enough tickets
c.too tickets
14. There were _____ people there.
a. Too
b. too many
15. It's not ____ to sort things out.
a. enough late
b. late enough
c. too late
16. It's ____ to pass.
a. enough
b. difficult
c. too difficult
17. I left because I'd had ______ their arguing.
a.enough
b. enough of
18. He ate ____ and felt ill.
a. enough much
b. much enough
c. too much
19. I'm shattered; I didn't ____ last night.
a. enough sleep
b. sleep enough too sleep
c. too much sleep
20. It's ____ to walk- I'll take the bus.
a. enough far
b. far enough
c. too far
d. too much far
I didn't get ____ last night and I'm exhausted.
a. enough sleep
b. sleep enough
c. too sleep
3) Either Neither
Either dan digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat negatif.
Rumusnya:
(and) + neither + to be/auxiliary/ modal + S
(and) + S + to be/ auxiliary/ modal + not +either
Soal :
A cat … bark, and neither can a cow
a. Can
b. Cannot
c. Could
d. Could not
Andi : Do you like cheating in a test?
Dani : No, I don’t
Andi : …
a. I’m not either
b. Neither do I
c. So do I
d. I do too
Dian : I prefer to live in a small town Ira : …
a. Neither do I
b. I don’t either
c. So do I
d. I do too
Father is not at home, and mother is not …
a. So
b. Too
c. Either
d. Neither
Mother is cooking in the kitchen, and I …
a. are too
b. am too
c. am not either
d. so am
Wati doesn’t play golf, and neither does Susi. It means …
a. Both Wati and Susi don’t play golf
b. Susi plays golf, but Wati doesn’t
c. Only Wati oesn’t play golf
d. Susi plays golf.
Mrs. Tuti teaches us maths on Fridays, and so does Mr. Setto The sentence means …
a. Mr. Seto teaches them maths on the same day asMrs. Tuti does
b. Mrs. Tuti teaches us maths on Fridays but Mr.Seto doesn’t
c. Mrs. Tuti and Mr. Seto teach us maths togetheron Friday
d. Mrs. Tuti and Mr. Seto teach us maths ondifferent days.8.
I’m not going to see that film, and neither is Laila. It means …
a. I’m not going to see that film, but Lalila is
b. Laila and I are not going to see that film
c. Lalila is going to see that film, and I am too
d. I’m going to see that film, and so Laila
My brother isn’t a policeman. My brother isn’t apost man. Penggabungan yang tepat adalah …
a. My brither is a policeman and a postman
b. My brother is neither a policeman and apostman
c. My brother is neither a policeman nor a postman
d. My brother is neither a policeman not a postman10.
Tono didn’t like smoking and father …
a. Either
b. wasn’t too
c. didn’t either
d. d.didn’t too
Ali invites me to the party and Rini …
a. does too
b. was either
c. is too
d. does either12.
She has a new dictionary and I … to
a. Am
b. Do
c. Were
d. Is
My neighbor has a dog and we …
a. has too
b. does neither
c. have either
d. do too14.
He goes to school and she … too
a. Is
b. Was
c. Does
d. Has
Ulfa doesn’t like math and … Rudi and I
a. Neither
b. neither do
c. either
d. either do
… and neither is she
a. I go to school by bus
b. I am studying English now
c. I am not watching TV
d. They are watching.
Ali read a newspaper and …
a. so does ani
b. so did ani
c. neither do ani
d. neither did ani
We can neither give her a full-time job, … as a trainee in our company.
A. as well as not accepting her
B. but also not accept her
C. we cannot accept her
D. nor accept her
E. and also not accept her
Answer: D
Neither the basketball players nor their coach … satisfied with referee decision.
A. were
B. he has
C. being
D. was
E. Be
Answer: D
4) Pronoun as Subject
Subjective Pronouns A subjective pronoun acts as the subject of a sentence—it performs the action of the verb. The subjective pronouns arehe, I, it, she, they, we, and you. He spends ages looking out the window. After lunch, she and I went to the planetarium. Subject pronoun adalah kata ganti yang berfungsi sebagai subject.
• I, you, we, they, he, dan she digunakan untuk mengganti orang. Selain itu, “they ” juga digunakan untuk menggantikan plural nouns. He dan she juga dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan hewan, khususnya hewan peliharaan. Dan khusus untuk “she ‘ juga dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kapal laut.
• “It ” untuk menggantikan benda mati dan tumbuhan tunggal.
• He, she dan it adalah singular subject (orang ketiga tunggal) yang selalu diikuti oleh singular verb.
Penggunaan subject pronoun ada 4, yaitu:
Contoh:
I love you.
He is my brother.
She likes writing a poem. (Dia suka menulis puisi).
Two cars were reported stolen last night. They haven’t been found yet. (Dua mobil dilaporkan dicuri tadi malam. Mereka (kedua mobil itu) belum ditemukan).
You have to buy a good English dictionary. (Kamu harus membeli sebuah kamus bahasa Inggris yang baik).
We planted a rose plant last month. It is growing well now. (Kami menanam sebuah tanaman mawar sebulan yang lalu. Dia (tanaman mawar itu) sedang tumbuh dengan baik sekarang).
b. (it/that/this/these/those/there) + (to be) + subject pronoun
Dalam pola-pola seperti ini, it, that, this, these, those dan there hanya berfungsi sebagai pseudo-subject (subject semu). Subject yang sebenarnya adalah nouns setelah to be. Olehnya itu, pronoun yang tepat digunakan setelah to be adalah subject pronoun.
Contoh:
It was I who broke the mirror. (Adalah saya (sayalah) yang memecahkan cermin itu).
There is he here now. You should come here quickly if you want to meet him. (Ada dia di sini sekarang. Kamu harus datang ke sini dengan cepat jika kamu ingin bertemu dia).
This is I. I am just an ordinary person. (Inilah saya. Saya hanyalah seorang manusia biasa).
c. Setelah expression as… as dalam kalimat equal comparison.
Contoh:
He is as smart as she. (Dia (cowok) sama pintarnya dengan dia (cewek).
Maria has the same preference as they. (Maria punya kesukaan yang sama dengan mereka).
c. Setelah than dalam kalimat unequal comparison.
Contoh:
1. I am smarter than he. (Saya lebih pintar dari dia).
2. They study harder than she. (Mereka belajar lebih giat dari dia).
d. Setelah different from.
1. We are different from they. (Kita beda dengan mereka).
2. Although they are twins, she is different from he. (Walaupun mereka kembar, dia (cewek) beda dengan dia).
Soal :
1. This is … bicycle.
a. Rudy’s b. him c. he d. Rudy
2. Aunt Tina has a new car. The Grey car over there is …
a. Her b. hers c. she d. she’s
3. Susi’s uncle is carrying a bag. … is going to the office.
a. She b. his c. he d. Him
4. When Rini and I were in the yard, father called …
a. Us b. they c. their d. We
5. A : The weather is hot in Surabaya. Which shirt do you need?
B : I need the thin …
a. One b. once c. one’s d. Ones
6. This test is not difficult, … can do it.
a. No one b. one c. anybody d. Noboby
7. I have a pen friend in Canada. We have been waiting to … since last year.
a. Some other b. other c. each other d. Another
8. I have a book. This is … book
a. Your b. my c. his d. Her
9. Look, that is Ekajaya! … is my classmate.
a. She b. I c. You d. He
10. Tino is a student and Budi is too. … are SMP student.
a. We b. they c. you d. you and I
11. Look at the picture. … is a black board.
a. This b. that c. these d. Those
12. I don’t like this shirt. Give me … one, please.
a. Other b. others c. another d. the other
13. I came to Ani’s house last night. I knocked the door, but there was no answer. I think there wasn’t any body there. I am sure there was … at home.
a. Everyone b. anyone c. someone d. no one
14. Mr. Ismail is their history teacher. He teaches … very well.
a. Them b. us c. me d. Him
15. Tony and I have many books. These books are …
a. Theirs b. his c. yours d. ours
5) Posessive Adjective
Possessive adjective adalah kata sifat yang menunjukkan kepunyaan. Sebenarnya untuk menyatakan kepunyaan banyak caranya:
1. Dengan menggunakan kata "have"
I have a book (saya punya sebuah buku)
2. Dengan menggunakan kata "belong"
The book belongs to me (buku itu kepunyaan saya)
Pronoun ini berfungsi sebagai kata sifat, yaitu untuk menerangkan kepemilikan terhadap nouns. (The nouns belong to whom? = nouns itu milik siapa?)
Contoh:
1. This is my house. (Ini adalah rumahku).
2. That is his house.
3. This is your dictionary. (Ini adalah kamusmu)
4. We all like our teacher.
5. Didit and Yeyes are saving some of their money to buy a birthday gift.
6. That is your book.
7. This is their clean class.
8. That is our television.
9. This is my new bag.
10. That is her big house.
Soal :
I was astonished at … a good score for her IQ in spite of his poor mathematic.
A. being able to get
B. to be able to get
C. she could get
D. be able to get
E. her being able to get
Answer: E
